Automatic Reuse of Prototypes in Software Engineering: A Survey of Available Tools

The use of prototypes as an excellent mechanism for communication between software users has been fully accepted in the literature. Both the academic and business worlds agree on its use as a software technique, used primarily to capture requirements and as a means of communication with the user. However, often, prototypes are developed very quickly or without the collaboration of the users. This is one of the main reasons why the real power of the prototypes is not used in software development. The initial hypothesis of this research is that this problem occurs because prototypes are regarded as disposable milestones. This paper analyzes whether there are adequate tools on the market to help development teams to reuse prototypes as an exceedingly mechanism for starting and expediting new software development projects. With the present study we show different tools for prototypes that, even though they are a preliminary evaluation, show the disadvantages to be solved in the future development and research of solutions.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2016-76956-C3-2-R (POLOLAS

Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults, an emerging cause of dysphagia: Description of 9 cases Esofagitis eosinofílica del adulto, causa emergente de disfagia: Presentación de 9 casos

Background: eosinophilic esophagitis is a rare condition mainly affecting children, although the number of cases reported in adults is on the increase. It is characterized by intense infiltration of eosinophilic leukocytes in the esophageal mucosa, without involvement of other sections of the alimentary canal. Material and methods: over the past year, following the performance of endoscopies and biopsies, our service identified nine patients who were diagnosed with suffering from this disorder. Each patient sought medical help for episodes of long-term, self-limited dysphagia or food impaction in the alimentary canal. Results: endoscopy revealed esophageal stenosis in the form of simultaneous contraction rings or regular stenosis. In six cases, the manometric study showed a nonspecific motor disorder of severe intensity affecting the esophageal body, and another patient had a disorder characterized by the presence of simultaneous waves and secondary peristaltic waves in the three thirds of the organ. These disorders are presumably due to eosinophilic infiltration of the muscular layer or ganglionar cells of the esophagus, and account for symptoms in these patients. Although the etiopathogenesis of this illness is uncertain, it is clearly an immunoallergic manifestation. Conclusions: as the number of diagnosed cases is on the increase, eosinophilic esophagitis is in adults a specific entity within the differential diagnosis of dysphagia in young males with a history of allergies. Eosiniphilic esophagitis responds in a different number of ways to therapies used. We successfully used fluticasone propionate, a synthetic corticoid applied topically, which proved to be efficient in the treatment of this illness by acting on the pathophysiological basis of the process. It does not have any adverse effects, thus offering advantages over other therapies such as systematic corticoids or endoscopic dilations.<br>Introducción: la esofagitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad poco frecuente, propia de la edad pediátrica, aunque cada vez son más los casos descritos en pacientes adultos. Se caracteriza por la intensa infiltración de la mucosa esofágica por leucocitos eosinófilos, en ausencia de afectación de otros tramos del tubo digestivo. Material y métodos: en nuestro servicio hemos identificado durante el último año a 9 pacientes que fueron diagnosticados de esta entidad tras la endoscopia y toma de biopsias. Todos consultaron por episodios de disfagia autolimitada de larga evolución o por impactación de alimento en esófago. En la endoscopia se observaron estenosis esofágicas, en forma de anillos de contracción simultánea o estenosis regulares. Resultados: el estudio con manometría esofágica demostró la existencia de un trastorno motor de cuerpo esofágico de tipo inespecífico e intensidad severa en 6 casos, y en otro paciente un trastorno caracterizado por la presencia de ondas simultáneas en los tres tercios del órgano y ondas secundarias peristálticas. Dichos trastornos son debidos presumiblemente a la infiltración eosinofílica de la capa muscular o de las células ganglionares del esófago, y justifican los síntomas de estos pacientes. Conclusiones: aunque la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad no es bien conocida, parece claro que se trata de una manifestación inmunoalérgica. Su prevalencia diagnóstica está en aumento, por lo que la esofagitis eosinofílica del adulto es una entidad específica en el diagnóstico diferencial de la disfagia en varones jóvenes con antecedentes de alergia. La esofagitis eosinofílica presenta una respuesta variable a las terapias utilizadas. Nosotros hemos utilizado con éxito el propionato de fluticasona, un corticoide sintético de aplicación tópica, eficaz en el tratamiento de esta entidad al actuar sobre la base fisiopatológica del proceso. Carece de efectos adversos, por lo que presenta ventajas frente a otras terapias como los corticiodes sistémicos o las dilataciones endoscópicas